A unique psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)–based biobehavioral model of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been developed wherein modifiable risk factors related to stress and inflammatory processes are hypothesized to influence the eventual development of CVD in women. Building on their prior research,1,2 the current study examined the effects of a specific tai chi (TC) intervention designed to reduce stress-related psychosocial and inflammatory risk factors in women with early indicators of CVD risk. In a sample of 63 premenopausal women with abdominal adiposity who had a family history of CVD, the intervention was tested by using a wait-list, pretest-posttest design with repeated measures of potential indicators of intervention effectiveness derived from the research model. Ultimately, the goal of this line of research is to expand knowledge about potential mechanisms underlying evolving CVD risk in women that may lead to effective strategies for reducing risk at earlier points in the CVD trajectory.
A randomized trial used a wait-list control group, pretest-posttest design. Data was collected immediately before, immediately after, and 2 months following the intervention.
Biological measures included fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids as well as C-reactive protein and cytokines.
Behavioral measures included fatigue, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, social support, mindfulness, self-compassion, and spiritual thoughts and behaviors.
In 63 women, TC was shown to decrease fatigue (∂ [difference in group means] = 9.38, p = .001) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (∂ = 12.61, p = .052).
Consistent with the study model and intervention design, significant changes observed 2 months post intervention indicated that TC may help down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines associated with underlying CVD risk, including interferon gamma (∂ = 149.90, p = .002), tumor necrosis factor (∂ = 16.78, p = .002), interleukin (IL) 8 (∂ = 6.47, p = .026), and IL-4 (∂ = 2.13, p = .001), and may increase mindfulness (∂ = .54, p = .021), spiritual thoughts and behaviors (∂ = 8.30, p = .009), and self-compassion (∂ = .44, p = .045).
Robins, Jo Lynne, et al. “The Effects of Tai Chi on Cardiovascular Risk in Women.” American Journal of Health Promotion : AJHP, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Nov. 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4767702/.
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