Despite increasing awareness, as well as better diagnostics and treatment, women remain more likely than men to present with advanced disease and experience higher CVD-related morbidity and mortality. Higher morbidity and mortality for CVD in women is related to its complex and unique development and presentation. Adding to this complexity is the fact that atherosclerosis, the hallmark feature of CVD, only partly explains CVD in women, with at least half of women with ischemic heart disease presenting with no coronary artery obstruction. CVD risk factors include genetic predisposition as well as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and physical inactivity. Additionally, psychosocial variables including stress, depression, and lack of social support significantly contribute to the manifestation of CVD, particularly in women. CVD evolves over decades; thus primary prevention, including stress management and psychosocial support strategies, may attenuate risk, particularly when implemented early in the trajectory of disease evolution.
Tai chi is a feasible and acceptable moving meditation practice that appears to decrease fatigue and may decrease inflammatory signaling. Additionally, it can increase mindfulness, spirituality, and self-compassion.